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Category: Breast Cancer

Fact or Fiction: The Truth About Mammograms

the truth about mammogramsSince the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force changed the recommendations for mammograms in 2009, there has been much confusion about how effective mammograms are and whether or not women should have them. Here’s what we know about mammograms: According to the National Cancer Institute, more than 60 percent of breast cancer cases are diagnosed before they spread because of mammograms. A study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine found that mammograms can help reduce the number of breast cancer deaths among women ages 40 to 70.

Here’s more mammogram fiction and fact to help women wade through the confusion:

Fiction: Mammograms actually don’t help.

Fact: Regular mammograms are the best tests doctors have to find breast cancer early. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report that mammograms can detect cancerous tumors sometimes up to three years before they can be felt.

Fiction: Mammograms hurt.

Fact: Each woman’s pain threshold is unique to her, but a mammogram—performed correctly—should only cause a few moments of temporary discomfort. Note: Breasts can be more sensitive just before your period, so try to schedule a routine mammogram in the middle of your cycle.

Fiction: Mammograms cause cancer.

Fact: Mammograms do use small doses of radiation, but the exposure is limited and the risk of harm is extremely low.

Fiction: Mammograms are often wrong.

Fact: Mammograms aren’t perfect, but they are our best tool for early detection. When cancer is present, mammograms are about 80 percent effective in identifying it. Regular screenings help decrease the 20 percent of false negative results. False positive results (cancer is detected where there is none) do happen, but required follow-up tests prove most women who received a false positive don’t have cancer.

If you still have questions about mammograms, have a frank discussion with your physician about when and how often you should have them.

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Black Women With Breast Cancer Meet Delays in Treatment

Black Women With Breast Cancer Meet Delays in Treatment

black breast cancer patients experience treatment delaysIt’s a well-known fact that while African-American women are less likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer, we are still more likely to die from the disease than our white counterparts.

Two recent studies attempt to find out why this is the case.

In the first study, researchers from the University of California in Irvine, California, looked at data from more than 9,000 teens and older women with breast cancer. What they found was incredibly troubling: Black women and Latinas were twice as likely to wait for treatment (six weeks or more since diagnosis) compared to white women, who were most likely treated closer to diagnosis (two weeks or less).

In many cases, the sooner one starts treatment, the better their survival rate.

Ninety percent of women treated two weeks or less after diagnosis reached their five-year survival mark, compared to only 80 percent of women who started treatment later, reported HealthDay News.

Lead researcher Hoda Anton-Culver told HealthDay, “Losing 10 percent of women in that age group is a big loss,” she said. “Before the cancer, their life expectancy was decades more.”

A second study conducted at University of Toledo Medical Center found that women on Medicaid were more likely to have larger tumors in their breasts at diagnosis than women with private insurance. They also found that 60 percent of women on Medicaid with breast cancer had to have a mastectomy—surgery that removes all of the fatty tissue from the breast as a way to treat breast cancer—compared to 39 percent of women with private insurance. The study’s authors stated that earlier mammograms for women on Medicaid could make a difference in lowering their rates of surgery.

Past studies show that African-American women tend to be diagnosed with more aggressive forms of the cancer that are harder to treat with surgery and radiation therapy.

—Kellee Terrell

For more about breast cancer in African-American women, visit bet.com.

Study: Breast Cancer Survivors Don’t Exercise Enough

breast cancer survivors don't exercise enoughThough breast cancer survivors are among the women who could benefit most from regular physical activity, many don’t meet national exercise recommendations (150 minutes each week of moderate exercise or 75 minutes per week of vigorous exercise) during the decade after being diagnosed, according to a new study from the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.

Other studies show a strong association between physical activity and reduced mortality, extended survival and higher quality of life among breast cancer survivors. With 2.9 million breast cancer survivors in this country (the group grows by about 80,000 a year), there is major interest in the factors that promote health and well-being among them.

“The American Cancer Society recommends that cancer survivors exercise for at least 150 minutes per week. Most survivors may also benefit from strength training exercises at least two days per week,” said Caitlin Mason, Ph.D., author of the study, in a statement. “For survivors who have not been previously active, we advise that they gradually work up to these recommendations.”

The new study followed 631 breast cancer survivors ages 18 to 64 from New Mexico, Los Angeles County and western Washington state for 10 years. Before their illness, 34 percent of the women met activity guidelines. After five years, this percentage actually increased to 39.5, but then inexplicably dropped to 21.4 percent at 10 years. Fewer than 8 percent of the survivors met guidelines during the entire length of the study.

Researchers didn’t expect the large drop in activity between the five- and 10-year follow-ups. The study, which took into account factors such as age and body size at diagnosis, found no other characteristics related to the type of breast cancer or its treatment that were associated with the drop in activity between the five- and 10-year reporting periods.

“It seems unlikely that this pattern reflects aging alone given the consistency and magnitude of the trend across all age groups,” the study authors wrote. “Whether this reflects a cohort effect or a unique aspect of the cancer survivorship experience is unclear. Additional consideration of psychosocial factors and issues related to pain management, fatigue and specific treatment effects may help to better understand the unique issues faced by cancer survivors and their impact on physical activity participation.”

The American Cancer Society predicts that in 2013 breast cancer will be the most commonly diagnosed cancer among black women. Though we tend to be diagnosed with the disease less often than our white counterparts, our death rates are higher.

 

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Young Women and Advanced Breast Cancer

young women and advanced breast cancerNew cases of advanced breast cancer are increasing among women ages 25 to 39, according to a study published this week. This finding is troubling because breast cancer in younger women tends to be more aggressive and has lower survival rates.

In the study, researchers found that cases of advanced breast cancer in younger women increased from 1.53 per 100,000 women in 1976 to 2.9 per 100,000 women in 2009. The numbers are small, but it’s a trend that is gaining speed, says Rebecca Johnson, M.D., of Seattle Children’s Hospital and author of the study.

Despite the increase, the chances of a young woman developing advanced breast cancer are still low, with only 1 in 173 American women contracting the disease before age 40.

“The message is young women can and do get breast cancer,” Dr. Johnson says. “Women need to be aware that breast cancer can happen in this young population and act promptly if they find a lump or have other symptoms.”

Women in their 20s and 30s should have breast exams by a health care professional every 3 years, according to American Cancer Society guidelines.

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Breaking: New Treatment for Late-Stage Breast Cancer Approved

new breast cancer treatmentThe Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today approved Kadcyla, a new therapy for patients with HER2-positive, late-stage breast cancer.

HER2, a protein involved in normal cell growth, is found in increased amounts on some types of cancer cells, including some breast cancers. In these HER2-positive breast cancers, the increased amount of the HER2 protein contributes to cancer cell growth.

Kadcyla is intended for patients who were previously treated with trastuzumab and taxanes. In a clinical trial, patients treated with Kadcyla had a median progression-free survival of 9.6 months.

“Kadcyla is trastuzumab connected to a drug called DM1 that interferes with cancer cell growth,” said Richard Pazdur, M.D., director of the Office of Hematology and Oncology Products in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, in a press release. “Kadcyla delivers the drug to the cancer site to shrink the tumor, slow disease progression and prolong survival.”

The second leading cause of cancer-related death among women, breast cancer will be diagnosed in an estimated 232,340 women this year, and 39,620 will die from the disease, according to the National Cancer Institute. Roughly 20 percent of breast cancers have increased amounts of the HER2 protein.

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Breast Cancer Disparities

Nearly Normal: Parenting Through a Breast Cancer Diagnosis

 

Nearly Normal: Parenting Through a Breast Cancer Diagnosis

 

Mark, Heather, Marco and Max Wright after the American Cancer Society Making Strides Against Breast Cancer walk in Charlotte, North Carolina, last October

Mark, Heather, Marco and Max Wright after the American Cancer Society Making Strides Against Breast Cancer walk in Charlotte, North Carolina, last October

Heather Keets Wright didn’t spend 2012 the way she thought she would. One night last January she was watching TV with her husband and her hand brushed against something unusual.

“I felt a tumor on my left side under my arm, kind of under my armpit,” the Gastonia, North Carolina, resident says. “It just so happened I was laying that way and had my hand there. I wasn’t doing a self-exam; I wouldn’t have gone back that far if I’d been doing a self-exam. It wouldn’t even have been seen on a mammogram. It felt different. I said, ‘This is weird; this is not right.’”

Within two days Keets Wright had an ultrasound, a biopsy and a diagnosis: breast cancer. “I was in meetings all that day,” she says. “I noticed they’d called three times, so that’s when I knew.”

She and her husband, Mark, decided not to tell their three children (19-year-old Danielle; Max, 11; and Marco, 8) right away. There were oodles of tests and a learning curve, and the couple wanted to wait until they had all the information.

“When I knew I was having my surgery, that’s when I sat the kids down,” Keets Wright says. “Mark told Danielle. I knew I’d be hysterical. She’s away at school, and I didn’t want to upset her at school.”

“I told Max. I purposely never used the words ‘breast cancer.’ Max is familiar with cancer from science class. But more importantly, he has a classmate whose father has leukemia, and he has been physically affected. He’s in wheelchair and has a breathing tube. I didn’t want Max to associate his classmate’s dad’s cancer with my cancer,” she explains. “I told him I’d gone for my annual exam and they found a tumor on the left side of my boob. He said he knew what a tumor was. I told him it was small—the size of a plain M&M. He said, ‘Mom, that’s exactly what happened to the tallest man in the world. He had a tumor on the gland in your brain that makes you grow.’ It was so sweet, ’cause that’s how he processed it.”

How Do You Talk to Your Child About Cancer?

They didn’t realize it at the time, but with her diagnosis, Heather and Mark joined a large group. One in four people with cancer in this country has a child. And though talking to your children about a cancer diagnosis might be difficult, the experts say it’s important to give them information about your disease.

Children of parents with cancer may have higher rates of anxiety, especially if they are not well informed, says Martha Aschenbrenner of the Children’s Cancer Hospital at M.D. Anderson in Houston.  Children sense when something is amiss within their family, and they may assume a parent’s illness is somehow their fault.

Aschenbrenner recommends parents respond to these fears with honest and the three Cs: “It’s called cancer; it’s not catching; and it’s not caused by anything they did or didn’t do.”

Additionally, how children will react depends on their age. A younger child may only repeat what a parent said, but children 6 to 11 might need specific details. Teens are more likely to withdraw.

Keets Wright took her cues from her children’s personalities. During her initial conversation with Max, she only discussed her diagnosis and told him she was going to have surgery. “I didn’t tell him about chemo at that time because I knew he couldn’t process that, too,” she says. “Marco was only 7 [at the time], so we just told him Mommy had to go into hospital for surgery.”

Danielle, the oldest, dealt with the news in her own way. “She said when Daddy first told her she broke down and cried,” Keets Wright says. “Then she prayed about it and felt better instantly. We’ve since talked about making sure she does self-exams. We’ve talked a lot about what it felt like and how I found it.”

Keep It Simple

Aschenbrenner says don’t be too hard on yourself during this time. Everybody in the family will be learning. “Give yourself a break, and keep communication open,” she says.

It’s what Keets Wright did, in an effort to maintain as much normalcy as possible. After recovering from surgery (she had a double mastectomy), her sons thought she was back to normal. “Then I told them about chemo and that I might be a little bit more tired and that I might lose my hair. They were, like, ‘What? That’s the most ridiculous thing I’ve ever heard!’ Then Max said, ‘It’ll grow back.’ I don’t know how he knew that. He said it would be cool if it came back green.

“Danielle went into mother mode. She got out of school [for summer] just as I was having my first treatment in May. She grocery shopped, she cleaned the house, she went with me for shots, she drove. She took care of her brothers. It was eye opening for me cause you raise kids, but you think, ‘Are they going to be able to take care of me when I’m old?’ She did a good job.”

The Real Silver Lining

Though Keets Wright lost her hair during the ordeal, she kept her sanity and her sense of humor, maintaining a very funny online journal chronicling her road to recovery.

“It sucked, but I didn’t get that bad a diagnosis,” she says now. “It’s the kind you want to hear if you have breast cancer. It was caught early, it was small and I had choices in terms of treatment. Some women don’t have that. It was hard. Mark had to do double duty, but in the end the kids were just very comfortable. The blessing for me is that it has been as normal as it could possibly be. I don’t feel like it interrupted our lives much at all.”

 

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Top Health Stories 2012: #4 A Breast Cancer Breakthrough

 The “first comprehensive genetic analysis of breast cancer” established a new model for how we understand breast cancer. Though the research is still early and it might take some time for the analysis to translate into new treatments for the disease, which kills more than 35,000 women a year in this country, researchers are thrilled. (“This is the road map for how we might cure breast cancer in the future,” one told the New York Times.) Bottom line: These findings will radically change the way breast cancer is diagnosed and treated.

Breast Cancer Disparities

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women in the United States. Breast cancer deaths are going down fastest among white women. Black women are more likely to die of breast cancer than other women.

Photo: Profile of a black womanMany factors contribute to this difference—

  • Black women often have cancers that grow faster and are harder to treat.
  • Black women often have fewer social and economic resources than other women.
  • Black women are less likely to get prompt follow-up care when their mammogram shows something that is not normal.
  • Black women are less likely to get high-quality treatment if they have cancer.

Differences in Screening, Follow-Up, and Treatment

Screening. Screening means looking for cancer before symptoms appear. Mammograms are the best way to find breast cancer. A mammogram is an X-ray picture of the breast. Black and white women get mammograms at about the same rate. But more black women have breast cancer that has spread beyond the breast compared with white women when the cancer is found.

Follow-up. When a mammogram shows something is not normal, follow-up tests are needed to see if it is cancer. Compared with white women, more black women take longer to complete these tests after finding out they have a mammogram that is not normal. Waiting longer for follow-up care may lead to cancers that are larger and harder to treat.

Treatment. After cancer is found, treatment should start as soon as possible. Fewer black women start treatment in a timely way compared with white women. Also, fewer black women get the surgery, radiation, and hormone treatments they need compared with white women.

Ways to Lower Your Risk for Breast Cancer

Photo: Woman getting a mammogramGet mammograms regularly. If you are 50 to 74 years old, be sure to have a screening mammogram every two years. If you are 40–49 years old, talk to your doctor about when and how often you should have a screening mammogram.

Are you worried about the cost? Find out if you qualify for a free or low-cost mammogram through CDC’s National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program.

Know your family history of breast cancer. If you have a parent, sibling, or child with breast cancer, ask your doctor how you can lower your risk.

Learn about hormone replacement therapy. Some women use hormone replacement therapy to treat the symptoms of menopause. Ask your doctor about the risks and benefits and find out if hormone replacement therapy is right for you.

How Health Care Providers Can Help Their Patients Get Breast Cancer Screening and Care

Remind patients of their appointments. Have the office staff remind your patients of their upcoming appointments. Track the progress of patients who need follow-up tests or treatment to make sure they get the care they need. If possible, assign a patient navigator.

Photo: Doctor speaking with patient in hospital bedTalk with each patient about her risk of breast cancer, the benefits and risks of mammograms, and the right age to start getting mammograms. Tell her where she can get a mammogram done. Don’t forget some women may not be able to afford a mammogram. If the mammogram shows something that is not normal, explain the next set of tests. Answer all of her questions.

Get test results quickly and call your patients right away. If needed, refer them to the next test or doctor right away.

 

From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention