Photosensitivity is a form of skin sensitivity that occurs as a result of exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, including the sun. Having lupus can increase your chance of being photosensitive and can trigger lupus flares.1,2 Exposure to both natural and artificial or indoor light can result in the worsening of lupus symptoms in up to 70% of patients.2
Exposure to UV rays can be damaging to anyone and not lupus patients exclusively. If you have lupus you are more sensitive to the inflammation that occurs as a result of this exposure.3 Common symptoms related to photosensitivity include skin numbness, joint pain, fatigue, fever, and skin rashes.2 It may also make existing skin issues worse.3 Black patients may also notice that the rashes occur more prominently on the ears and scalp, and they can be damaging to the skin.
Medications may also play a role in contributing to photosensitivity.1 Some lupus drugs may make photosensitivity worse, and others may be protective against it.1,3 Consult with your healthcare provider if you have concerns regarding your lupus medications and photosensitivity risk.
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Protect Yourself
Protecting yourself from harmful UV exposure indoors and outdoors should be a priority when it comes to managing lupus. If you have lupus, there are proactive steps you can take to protect yourself and prevent flares.
Avoid Unnecessary Exposure
If you have to participate in an outdoor activity or be outdoors for an extended period of time try to plan ahead if possible. Scheduling to be outdoors in the early morning or late afternoon may limit your UV exposure.4 Sunlight exposure may be highest during the hours of 10 am-4 pm.3 Even if the sun is not visible or it appears to be cloudy or cooler out, you may still be exposed to UV rays so use caution.4 It is also important to remember that sitting in shaded areas may not provide 100% protection since UV rays can reflect off of other outdoor surfaces.3
You can limit exposure to indoor UV light by choosing low-intensity light bulbs such as LED bulbs, covering fluorescent or halogen bulbs with shields or filters, using shades to cover windows, and turning off lights you are not using.1,3 If you frequent the nail salon, request services that do not require the use of UV drying lamps such as dip powder.3 Consider tinting your car windows and driving with the windows up to protect yourself on the road.3
Wear Protective Clothing
Follow these tips regarding sun-protective clothing.5
- Choose clothing that is tightly woven.
- Choose darker colors or bright colors rather than light colors
- Wear hats with a brim all the way around.
- Look for clothing that has an ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of at least 30.
- Consider full coverage and full-length options when choosing skirts, pants, shirts, and swimwear.
- Wear sunglasses with a UVA/UVB rating of 100%.
Choose the Right Sunscreen
There is a misconception that people with darker skin tones don’t need to wear sunscreen, but this couldn’t be further from the truth. Dermatologists recommend that everyone should wear sunscreen every day on skin that is not covered by your clothing, even if you do not go outside. You should use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 60 for adequate protection.4
Photosensitivity is common among patients with lupus, but there are steps you can take to protect yourself. Making a few adjustments and preparing ahead are key to protecting yourself and preventing complications related to sun sensitivity.
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