As the last of the baby-boom generation approaches the age of 65, the number of cases of visual impairment and blindness is projected to experience a boom of its own in the coming years. According to recent studies funded by the National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health, the number of Americans who are visually impaired—including those with low vision—is expected to double to more than 8 million by 2050.
Low vision is when people have difficulty seeing, even with regular glasses, contact lenses, medicine or surgery. People with low vision may find it challenging to perform everyday activities such as getting around the neighborhood, reading the mail, shopping, cooking or watching television.
Most people with low vision are age 65 or older. The leading causes of vision loss in older adults are age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, cataract and glaucoma. Among younger people, vision loss is most often caused by inherited eye conditions, infectious and autoimmune eye diseases or trauma.
Because the consequences of vision loss may leave people feeling anxious, helpless and depressed, it is important to remind them that there is help. “People experiencing vision loss should talk to their eye care professional and seek a referral to a low vision specialist,” advises Paul A. Sieving, M.D., director of NEI, one of the federal government’s principal agencies for vision research.
A low vision specialist is an ophthalmologist or optometrist trained to help people who have low vision maximize their remaining sight and continue to live safe, productive and rewarding lives. This specialist can develop a vision rehabilitation plan that identifies the appropriate strategies and assistive devices for a person’s particular needs. “A vision rehabilitation plan helps people reach their true visual potential when nothing more can be done from a medical or surgical standpoint,” explains Mark Wilkinson, a low vision specialist at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics and chair of the low vision subcommittee for the National Eye Health Education Program.
A new report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine noted that vision rehabilitation is essential to maximizing the independence, functioning, participation, safety and overall quality of life for people with visual impairment. Vision rehabilitation services are provided by a team of professionals such as occupational therapists, orientation and mobility instructors, low vision therapists, rehabilitation teachers and adaptive technology specialists. These specialists work together to teach people with vision loss a variety of skills, including the following:
- Using magnifying and adaptive devices
- Navigating safely around the home and in public
- Performing daily activities such as cooking, shopping and reading
- Finding resources and support
NEI offers many resources to help people with low vision, including “What You Should Know About Low Vision,” a 20-page, large-print booklet and companion video that features inspiring stories of people living with low vision. This booklet, video and other resources can be downloaded for free.
Eye diseases and vision loss have become major public health concerns in the United States. NEI is committed to finding new ways to improve the lives of people living with visual impairment. In addition to providing information and resources, NEI has dedicated more than $24 million to low vision research efforts, including learning how the brain adapts to vision loss; finding strategies to improve vision rehabilitation; and developing new technologies that help people with low vision to read, shop and find their way in unfamiliar places. Research like this will help people with low vision make the most of their remaining sight and maintain their independence and quality of life.
